The Selective Service System
The Selective Service System was the mechanism used by the United States to conscript men into the armed forces during World War II. It was established in 1940, shortly after the outbreak of war in Europe, and remained in operation until 1947.
The Process of Conscription
The process of conscription began with the registration of all men between the ages of 18 and 45. Those who registered were then assigned a random number to determine the order in which they would be called up for service.
The Importance of the Draft
The draft was crucial to the American war effort. It allowed the United States to rapidly build up its armed forces, from a relatively small standing army to the largest military force in the world.
Exemptions and Deferments
Not all men were required to serve in the military. Exemptions were granted to those with certain disabilities, those who were considered essential to the war effort (e.g., doctors, engineers), and ministers of religion. Deferments were also granted to students, fathers, and those in certain occupations.
The Impact of the Draft
The draft had a profound impact on American society. It led to the mass mobilization of men, which disrupted families and communities. It also contributed to a sense of national unity and shared sacrifice.
Controversies
The draft was not without its controversies. Some argued that it was unfair to force men to serve in the military, while others questioned the morality of conscription.
Conclusion
The draft was a key element of the American war effort during World War II. It allowed the United States to build up a massive military force that played a crucial role in the Allied victory. The draft also had a significant impact on American society, both positive and negative.