Bump drafting, also known as slipstreaming, is a technique used in motorsport, particularly in cycling and motorsports, to improve a vehicle's aerodynamic efficiency and reduce drag. It involves following closely behind another vehicle to benefit from the reduced air resistance created by the leading vehicle.
The Science Behind Bump Drafting
The air resistance a vehicle encounters is a significant factor affecting its speed. When a vehicle moves through the air, it creates a low-pressure area behind it, known as a wake. The wake is filled with turbulent air, and the pressure in this region is lower than the atmospheric pressure surrounding the vehicle.
When a vehicle follows closely behind another, it enters the wake of the leading vehicle. The lower air pressure in the wake creates a suction effect, pulling the trailing vehicle forward. This reduced drag allows the trailing vehicle to achieve a higher speed with less effort.
How Bump Drafting Works in Practice
Cycling
In cycling, bump drafting is a common technique used in pelotons, where riders follow closely behind each other in a line. The rider at the front of the line experiences the full force of the air resistance, while the riders behind benefit from the reduced drag in the wake.
Motorsports
In motorsports, bump drafting is often used in oval track racing. The cars follow closely behind each other, taking turns to lead the pack. When a car moves to the lead, it has to overcome the full force of the air resistance. However, when it falls back into the draft, it enjoys reduced drag and can gain speed quickly.
The Risks of Bump Drafting
While bump drafting can be a valuable technique for improving speed and efficiency, it also carries significant risks.
- Collisions: The close proximity of the vehicles can lead to collisions if the trailing vehicle brakes suddenly or the leading vehicle swerves.
- Loss of control: The suction effect of the wake can make it difficult to control the vehicle, especially at high speeds.
- Mechanical failure: The close proximity of the vehicles can also increase the risk of mechanical failure, especially if the trailing vehicle is forced to brake suddenly.
Conclusion
Bump drafting is a complex and risky technique that can be used to improve a vehicle's aerodynamic efficiency. It is important to understand the science behind bump drafting and the associated risks before attempting this technique.