Definition of Draft in World War II
The term "draft" in the context of World War II refers to the conscription of individuals into the military service. In other words, it was a system where eligible citizens were required to serve in the armed forces, typically during times of war or national emergency.
Key Points:
- Compulsory Service: The draft mandated that individuals, usually men, between certain ages, were obligated to join the military.
- Selective Service: The process involved a system known as "selective service," where eligible individuals were selected through a lottery or other criteria.
- National Emergency: The draft was typically implemented during times of war or national crisis to ensure sufficient manpower for the armed forces.
- Impact on Society: The draft significantly impacted society, as it led to widespread mobilization, economic adjustments, and changes in social dynamics.
Examples of Draft Systems in World War II:
- United States: The Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 established the draft in the United States. Millions of men were conscripted into the armed forces, contributing significantly to the war effort.
- Great Britain: The National Service Act of 1939 mandated military service for men aged 18 to 41. The British draft played a crucial role in bolstering their armed forces during the war.
- Soviet Union: The Soviet Union had a system of universal military service before World War II, which was further strengthened during the conflict.
Significance of the Draft:
The draft played a critical role in World War II by providing the necessary manpower for the Allied and Axis powers. It allowed nations to raise vast armies and engage in large-scale combat operations. However, the draft also raised ethical and social questions about the role of individuals in wartime and the impact of conscription on society.